BOW 2 (Different Types of Mutations)

SUBSTITUTION
- Substitution is one kind of mutation where one base is substituted for another one.  Because of this, it can result to a change in codon that codes a different amino acid and therefore leads to a small change in the way the protein is produced.  Another conclusion during substitution is causing to have no change at all in the protein and another is a result to an incomplete protein.
INSERTION
- Insertion is another type of mutation in which the extra base pairs are then placed into a new section in the DNA.
DELETION
- Deletion is a mutation where a section of the DNA is either lost or deleted.
FRAMESHIFT
- Frameshift is when the coding DNA is divided to codons that are three bases long.  Therefore, insertion and deletion can cause a gene to change and lead to a message that is not correct.
NONSENSE MUTATION
- Change of DNA nucleotide base sequence because of transcription from a stop or nonsense codon, causing the protein to be gone in the message.
SENSE MUTATION
- Mostly in a single substitution mutation where because of the change in DNA base leads to a new codon that still codes for the same amino acid.
POINT MUTATION
- The DNA sequence is changed because of a single nucleotide base change, insertion or deletion.
TRANSLOCATION MUTATION
- Transferring a piece of chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome.

http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/glossary=pointmutation
http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/protsyn/mutate.html
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/mutations_03

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/Mutations.html#translocation